Sentiment Annotation¶
Sentiment analysis marks subjective information such as sentiments or attitudes expressed in text. The sentiments/attitudes are defined by a user-defined set definition.
Note
This annotation type is deprecated because it overlaps with modality annotation (_modality_annotation). Modality annotation is now preferred over sentiment annotation, as it is more generic.
Specification¶
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Declaration: |
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Version History: | |
since v1.3 |
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Element: |
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API Class: |
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Layer Element: |
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Span Role Elements: | |
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Required Attributes: | |
Optional Attributes: | |
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Accepted Data: |
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Valid Context: |
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Feature subsets (extra attributes): | |
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Explanation¶
Note
Please first ensure you are familiar with the general principles of Span Annotation to make sense of this annotation type.
Sentiment analysis marks subjective information such as sentiments or attitudes
expressed in text. The <sentiment>
span annotation element is used to
this end. It is embedded in a <sentiments>
layer.
The <sentiment>
element takes the following span roles:
<hd>
– (required) – The head of the sentiment; expresses the actual sentiment, it covers word spans such as ``happy’’, ``very satisfied’’, ``highly dissappointed’’.<source>
– (optional) – The source/holder of the sentiment, assuming it is explicitly expressed in the text.<target>
– (optional) – The target/recipient of the sentiment, assuming it is explicitly expressed in the text.
The following feature subsets are predefined (see Features), whether they are actually used depends on the set, their values (classes) are set-dependent as well:
polarity
– Expresses the whether the sentiment is positive, neutral or negative.strength
– Expresses the strength or intensity of the sentiment.
Besides these predefined features, FoLiA’s feature mechanism can be used to associate other custom properties with any sentiment.
Example¶
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FoLiA xmlns="http://ilk.uvt.nl/folia" version="2.0" xml:id="example">
<metadata>
<annotations>
<token-annotation set="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LanguageMachines/uctodata/master/setdefinitions/tokconfig-eng.foliaset.ttl">
<annotator processor="p1" />
</token-annotation>
<text-annotation>
<annotator processor="p1" />
</text-annotation>
<sentence-annotation>
<annotator processor="p1" />
</sentence-annotation>
<sentiment-annotation set="sentiments"> <!-- an ad-hoc set -->
<annotator processor="p1" />
</sentiment-annotation>
</annotations>
<provenance>
<processor xml:id="p1" name="proycon" type="manual" />
</provenance>
</metadata>
<text xml:id="example.text">
<s xml:id="s1">
<w xml:id="s1.w1"><t>He</t></w>
<w xml:id="s1.w2"><t>is</t></w>
<w xml:id="s1.w3"><t>happy</t></w>
<w xml:id="s1.w4"><t>to</t></w>
<w xml:id="s1.w5"><t>see</t></w>
<w xml:id="s1.w6"><t>him</t></w>
<w xml:id="s1.w7"><t>.</t></w>
<sentiments>
<sentiment class="emotion.joy" polarity="positive" strength="moderate">
<source>
<wref id="s1.w1" t="he" />
</source>
<target>
<wref id="s1.w6" t="him" />
</target>
<hd>
<wref id="s1.w3" t="happy" />
</hd>
</sentiment>
</sentiments>
</s>
</text>
</FoLiA>
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