Sense Annotation

Sense Annotation allows to assign a lexical semantic sense to a word.

Specification

Annotation Category:
 

Inline Annotation

Declaration:

<sense-annotation set="...">

Version History:
 

Since the beginning

Element:

<sense>

API Class:

SenseAnnotation

Required Attributes:
 
  • set – The set of the element, ideally a URI linking to a set definition (see Set Definitions (Vocabulary)) or otherwise a uniquely identifying string. The set must be referred to also in the Annotation Declarations for this annotation type.
  • class – The class of the annotation, i.e. the annotation tag in the vocabulary defined by set.
Optional Attributes:
 
  • xml:id – The ID of the element; this has to be a unique in the entire document or collection of documents (corpus). All identifiers in FoLiA are of the XML NCName datatype, which roughly means it is a unique string that has to start with a letter (not a number or symbol), may contain numers, but may never contain colons or spaces. FoLiA does not define any naming convention for IDs.
  • set – The set of the element, ideally a URI linking to a set definition (see Set Definitions (Vocabulary)) or otherwise a uniquely identifying string. The set must be referred to also in the Annotation Declarations for this annotation type.
  • class – The class of the annotation, i.e. the annotation tag in the vocabulary defined by set.
  • processor – This refers to the ID of a processor in the Provenance Data. The processor in turn defines exactly who or what was the annotator of the annotation.
  • annotator – This is an older alternative to the processor attribute, without support for full provenance. The annotator attribute simply refers to the name o ID of the system or human annotator that made the annotation.
  • annotatortype – This is an older alternative to the processor attribute, without support for full provenance. It is used together with annotator and specific the type of the annotator, either manual for human annotators or auto for automated systems.
  • confidence – A floating point value between zero and one; expresses the confidence the annotator places in his annotation.
  • datetime – The date and time when this annotation was recorded, the format is YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss (note the literal T in the middle to separate date from time), as per the XSD Datetime data type.
  • n – A number in a sequence, corresponding to a number in the original document, for example chapter numbers, section numbers, list item numbers. This this not have to be an actual number but other sequence identifiers are also possible (think alphanumeric characters or roman numerals).
  • textclass – Refers to the text class this annotation is based on. This is an advanced attribute, if not specified, it defaults to current. See Text class attribute (advanced).
  • src – Points to a file or full URL of a sound or video file. This attribute is inheritable.
  • begintime – A timestamp in HH:MM:SS.MMM format, indicating the begin time of the speech. If a sound clip is specified (src); the timestamp refers to a location in the soundclip.
  • endtime – A timestamp in HH:MM:SS.MMM format, indicating the end time of the speech. If a sound clip is specified (src); the timestamp refers to a location in the soundclip.
  • speaker – A string identifying the speaker. This attribute is inheritable. Multiple speakers are not allowed, simply do not specify a speaker on a certain level if you are unable to link the speech to a specific (single) speaker.
Accepted Data:

<comment> (Comment Annotation), <desc> (Description Annotation), <metric> (Metric Annotation)

Valid Context:
Feature subsets (extra attributes):
 
  • synset

Explanation

In semantic sense annotation, the classes will correspond to some kind of lexical unit ID or synset ID. In vocabularies that make an explicit distinction between lexical units and synonym sets (synsets), you can use the synset predefined subset for notation of the latter. A simpler alternative is to just use two different sets similtaneously (two sense annotations per item).

You can use Description Annotation to optionally associate a human readable description with the sense annotation (or any other annotation for that matter).

Example

The following example shows sense annotations:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FoLiA xmlns="http://ilk.uvt.nl/folia" version="2.0" xml:id="example">
  <metadata>
      <annotations>
          <token-annotation set="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LanguageMachines/uctodata/master/setdefinitions/tokconfig-eng.foliaset.ttl">
			 <annotator processor="p1" />
		  </token-annotation>
          <text-annotation>
			 <annotator processor="p1" />
          </text-annotation>
          <sentence-annotation>
			 <annotator processor="p1" />
          </sentence-annotation>
          <paragraph-annotation>
			 <annotator processor="p1" />
          </paragraph-annotation>
          <sense-annotation set="wordnet"> <!-- an ad-hoc set -->
			 <annotator processor="p1" />
		  </sense-annotation>
          <description-annotation>
			 <annotator processor="p1" />
		  </description-annotation>
      </annotations>
      <provenance>
         <processor xml:id="p1" name="proycon" type="manual" />
      </provenance>
  </metadata>
  <text xml:id="example.text">
    <p xml:id="example.p.1">
      <s xml:id="example.p.1.s.2">
         <t>I show an example.</t>
         <w xml:id="example.p.1.s.2.w.1" class="WORD">
            <t>I</t>
         </w>
         <w xml:id="example.p.1.s.2.w.2" class="WORD">
            <t>show</t>
            <sense class="show%2:39:02::">
				<desc>give an exhibition of to an interested audience</desc>
            </sense>
         </w>
         <w xml:id="example.p.1.s.2.w.3" class="WORD">
            <t>an</t>
         </w>
         <w xml:id="example.p.1.s.2.w.4" class="WORD" space="no">
            <t>example</t>
            <sense class="example%1:09:00::">
                <desc>an item of information that is typical of a class or group)</desc>
            </sense>
         </w>
         <w xml:id="example.p.1.s.2.w.5" class="PUNCTUATION">
            <t>.</t>
         </w>
      </s>
    </p>
  </text>
</FoLiA>